Adam Hayes, Ph.D., CFA, is a financial writer with 15+ years Wall Street experience as a derivatives trader. Besides his extensive derivative trading expertise, Adam is an expert in economics and ...

Investopedia contributors come from a range of backgrounds, and over 25 years there have been thousands of expert writers and editors who have contributed. Thomas J Catalano is a CFP and Registered ...

Probability Distribution Notes: Probability is a fundamental aspect of mathematics that helps us understand and quantify uncertainty. Mastery of this subject is essential for students, as it has ...

Determine the parental genotypes – the allele combinations for the male and female. You can use any letter you like, but select one that has a clearly different lower case, for example: Aa, Bb, Dd.

Where Aa = female genotype close genotypeThe alleles that an organism has for a particular characteristic, usually written as letters. Probability close probabilityThe extent to which something is ...